1. Quantitative inheritance involves the interaction of a number of gene loci. The pattern of genetic transmission typical of quantitative inheritance is A. discontinuous distributions such as 3:1 B. typical of Mendelian inheritance C. continuous variation of phenotypic expression D. a 9:3:3:1 ratio E. usually a pattern that clearly reflects dominance and recessiveness 2. When multiple genes contribute to the expression of a phenotype they are called 49 A. nonadditive alleles B. heterozygous alleles C. additive alleles D. homozygous alleles E. ) concordant alleles 3. The 9:3:3:1 ratio is typical of a dihybrid cross in which complete dominance and independent assortment occur. What is the dihybrid ratio with independent assortment of polygenes? A. 1:3:1 B. 1:4:6:4:1 C. 3:1 D. 64:1
4. How many gene pairs are involved in generating a typical 1:4:6:4:1 ratio? A. 2 B.3 Oc. 4 D. 6 5. distribution when the phenotypes from a proper 45 Polygenic traits often demonstrate a sample are represented in a histogram. A normal B. Poisson C. binomial D. uniform 6. Assume that in the F2 of a series of crosses, 1/64 of the offspring resemble one of the parents (P). How many gene pairs are involved in producing these results? A.3 B. 6 C. 16 D. 32 E. 64
7. The differences between broad-sense heritability (II) and narrow-sense heritability (h?) is that 49 A. H2 dose not include VE B. h2 dose not include VI C. h2 dose not include VG D. H2 dose not include Vp 8. Which statement best describes h2 (narrow-sense heritability)? A. It measures the contribution genotypic variance to total phenotypic variance. B. The proportion of phenotypic variance due to additive genotypic variance alone. C. The deviation from additive components when they behave epistatically. D. The genotypic variance due to additive action of various QTLs. 9. Expression OTL mapping allows researchers to characterize A. locl that control gene expression B. loci that control gene phenotype C. locl that modify the rate of protein translation D. loci that have high mutating rates
10. Heritability is a measure of the degree to which the phenotypic variation of a given trait is due to 49 A. genetic factors B. environmental factors C. epigenetic regulation D. somatic mutations 11. 48 A number of mechanisms operate to maintain genetic diversity in a population. Why is such diversity favored? A. Homozygosity is an evolutionary advantage B. Diversity leads to inbreeding advantages C. Genetic diversity may better adapt a population to inevitable changes in the environment D. Greater genetic diversity increases the chances of haploidy E. Genetic diversity helps populations avoid diploidy 12. About MN blood type, in a population of 100 individuals, 49% are of the NN blood type. What percentage is expected to be MN assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions? 49 A. 9% B. 21% C. 42% D. 51% E. There is insufficient Information to answer this ques
13. In small isolated populations, gene frequencies can fluctuate considerably. The term that applies to this circumstance is 49 A. genetic isolation B. allelic separation C. natural selection D. stabilizing selection E. genetic drift 14. 457 Which assumption pertains to a population in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? A. a small population B. a selectively mating population C. a selective advantage of one genotype D. no migration, mutation or, genetic dri 15. In a population that meets the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumptions, 81% of the individuals are homozygous for a recessive allele. What percentage of the individuals would be expected to be heterozygous for this locus in the next generation? A 81% B. 91% C. 18% D. 72%
16. Selection that favors the middle phenotype and selects against the extreme phenotypes is said to be 49 A. directional selection B. stabilizing selection C. deselection D. disruptive selection 17. 49 What is the differential reproduction of genotypes, resulting from their variable fitness? A. selection B. discrimination C. genetic drift D. evolution 18. Which of the following change the genotype frequency but does not change the allelio frequencies? 499 A. mutations B. gonetics drift P C. selection D. migration E. Inbreeding
19. Genetic drift is primarily associated with what size breeding populations? 49 A. very small B. very large C. mid-sized D. Genetic drift has the same effect on all population sizes 20. Evolution is dependent on in the evolving population. 49 A. genetic diversity B. inbreeding C. equilibrium D. constant gene frequencies 21. Conservation of amino acid sequence among distantly related groups of organisms is suggestive of an) A. Important function for that sequence B. lack of selective pressure on that sequen C. lack of common ancestor D. Intrinsic resistance to mutations in that sequence
22. In the case of complete dominance in a population in equilibrium, we cannot tell which individuals are homozygous dominants and which are heterozygous, what information is needed to determine the 49 frequency of homozygous dominant and heterozygous genotypes? A. the frequency of homozygous recessive genotype B. the frequency of heterozygous recessive genotype C. the size of the sample population D. the mutation rate in the population 23. Albinism is an autosomal recessive trait in humans. Assume that there are 100 albinos (aa) in a population of 1 million. How many individuals would be expected to be homozygous normal (14) under equilibrium conditions? A 100 B. 10000 C. 19800 D 980100 E. 909900
24. Which general term is used to group various biological and behavioral properties of organisms that act to prevent or reduce interbreeding? 49 A. phyletic evolution B. allopatric speciation C. reproductive isolating mechanisms D. inbreeding E. genetic divergence 25. In a population of 10,000 individuals, where 3600 are MM, 4800 are Mm, and 1600 are mm, what are the frequencies of the Malleles and the malleles? A M = 0.4; m = 0.6 B. M = 0.5; m = 0.5 C.M=0.6; m = 0.4 D.M=0.3; m 0.7 E.M=0.2; m = 0.8 1